Which legal concept allows individuals to refuse medical treatment?

The correct choice is advance directives. This legal concept authorizes individuals to make their preferences known regarding medical treatment in situations where they may be unable to communicate their wishes, such as in a medical emergency or severe incapacitation. Advance directives can include living wills and durable powers of attorney for healthcare, allowing individuals to refuse specific medical interventions or appoint someone to make decisions on their behalf.

Informed consent is an important legal concept in healthcare, but it pertains to the obligation of healthcare providers to ensure that patients understand the risks and benefits of a treatment before agreeing to it. While informed consent does allow for refusal of treatment at the time of consent, it does not establish a formal mechanism for refusing treatment when the individual cannot communicate.

Terms of service generally refer to agreements outlining the use of products or services and are not applicable to medical treatment decisions.

Guardianship involves a legal process where an individual is appointed to make decisions for someone who is unable to do so, often due to incapacity. However, this does not grant an individual the right to refuse treatment on their own; rather, it transfers that decision-making authority to another party.